This document accompanies the replication data and code for "Do Party Leaders Influence Roll-Call Voting in Congress" by Anthony Fowler. Please contact Anthony Fowler (anthony.fowler@uchicago.edu) with any questions.

All analyses were conducted using Stata 19.5.

Stata 18 (or previous) will not work because the areg command was not able to accommodate two sets of fixed effects. To replicate the results using a previous version of Stata, you can use the reghdfe command, but the estimated standard errors will be slightly different, and if you do not have a powerful computer with sufficient working memory, you may be unable to estimate standard errors at all.

The file "Code.do" contains all code necessary to replicate all tables and figures in the paper and online appendix.

Running all of the analyses may require a relatively powerful computer or an external server. All steps of the analysis took approximately 7 hours to complete using a desktop computer with 128 GB of RAM and the MP 8-core version of Stata. Most of that time is devoted to producing the "CleanedRollCallData.dta" file. That file is provided in the replication materials in case you want to skip that step and simply run the final analyses.

Most of the analyses utilize the "CleanedRollCallData.dta" file. The following data sets are necessary to construct this data set:

HSall_votes.csv: vote-level data from Voteview.com
HSall_members.csv: member-level data from Voteview.com
S091_rollcalls.csv: bill-level data from the Senate in the 91st Congress from Voteview.com
CVP_1_117.dta: CVP scores (from Fowler and Hall) for each member-Congress
HouseSenateLeaders.dta: Contains icpsr codes and the periods of leadership for the leaders of each party in each chamber
fordvotes.dta: Data from Green and Harris on which Republicans members of the House supported Ford vs. Halleck in 1965

The following additional data sets are necessary to conduct the analyses in Appendix Table A1:
SenateAllLeaders.dta: Data on party whips, majority leaders, and minority leaders in the Senate
HouseAllLeaders.dta: Data on Speakers of the House, majority leaders, minority leaders, and party whips in the House

Codebook for"CleanedRollCallData.dta":
Each row corresponds to a member-vote. The columns correspond to the following variables:

congress: Congress number 
house: 1 = House, 0 = Senate
rollnumber: indicator for each bill
icpsr: unique identifier for each member
dem: 1 = Democrat, 0 = Republican
majority: 1 = majority party, 0 = minority party
bioname: name of member
yea: indicator for voting yea on the bill
conservative: indicator for casting a conservative vote
reppartyvote: indicator for voting in the Republican direction
withrepublicans: indicator for voting with the majority of Republicans
againstdemocrat: indicator for voting against the majority of Democrats
bill: unique identifier for each Congress-chamber-bill
member_party_chamber: unique identifier for each member-party-chamber
party_chamber: unique identifier for each party-chamber
party_chamber_congress: unique identifier for each party-chamber-Congress
cvp: the adjusted CVP score for each member in each Congress
moderate: indicator for moderate members (coded as described in the paper)
leader_cvp: CVP score of the party leader
leader_next CVP score of the party leader in the next Congress
leader_prev: CVP score of the party leader in the previous Congress
noleader: indicator for Senate Republicans in the 91st Congress when they had no leader
scott: indicator for Senate Republicans in the 91st Congress when Scott was their leader 


 





